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UNICEF is the world’s largest provider of vaccines for developing countries, UNICEF supports child health and nutrition, good water and sanitation, quality basic education for all boys and girls, and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, and AIDS. UNICEF is funded entirely by the voluntary contributions of individuals, businesses, ...
Background
Homa Bay is one of the 47 counties of the Republic of Kenya. It is located in the southern part of Nyanza, along the shores of Lake Victoria about 420 km south-west of Nairobi. The County covers an area of 3,180 square km and is comprised of eight sub-counties: Suba North, Suba South, Ndhiwa, Homa Bay Town, Rangwe, Karachuonyo, Kabondo, and Kasipul. There are approximately 1.225[1] million people living in Homa Bay, almost entirely of Luo descent and of Christian faith with small pockets of Muslim communities found mostly in urban centres. Other ethnic groups found in the County include the Abasuba, Abagusil, Kisii, Teso, Banyore, Bukusu and Samia. Because of proximity to Lake Victoria, the people of Homa Bay are primarily fishermen, sand harvesters, quarry miners, Boda Boda riders and small-scale farmers growing maize, sugar cane, millet, potatoes and vegetables. The fish caught in the lake is consumed locally and in the neighboring towns.
Currently, the County’s population is dominated by young people who are dependent on those in the workforce. Three quarters of the population is under 30 years old and about half is under 15 years. About 1 in 4 (26%) people in Homa Bay County is an adolescent aged 10-19. The County’s Strategic Plan recognises the increasing youth population and high unemployment as a threat to development. Furthermore, the County’s demographic trends indicate that the population will continue to grow for several generations. If birth rates were to decline rapidly, however, the age structure of the population would shift and there would be more working-age adults relative to children. Consequently, the County could benefit from what is called the “demographic dividend” – economic growth resulting from increased productivity and greater savings due to a lower number of dependents. Benefits of the demographic dividend could be optimized if accompanied by investments in health and education, and relevant job-creation.
In Homa Bay, there are two significant problems currently facing adolescents and young people, posing a significant barrier for the County to harness the demographic dividend: 1) unintended adolescent pregnancies; and 2) high incidences of HIV and STIs. They can be explained by a wide range of factors, including in particular high levels of violence, abuse, exploitation, neglect and harmful cultural practices aimed at children and adolescents, mainly at girls.
Unintended Adolescent Pregnancies
Adolescent pregnancies and motherhood are major concerns for health and development because of their association with higher morbidity and mortality for both the mother and child and their impact on the education of young mothers. In Homa Bay County, half of the women (20-49 years old) and half of the men (20-54 years old) have had sex by age 16 which is two years sooner than the national average for women and one year sooner than the national average for men. Similar trends exist for marriage where half of the women in the County first marry by age 18 and half of the men by age 24. National average age for first marriage for women and men are 20 and 25, respectively.[2]
According to a MoH and AFIDEP analysis, 33% of girls aged 15-19 years in Homa Bay County have begun childbearing; considerably higher than the national average. Specifically, 2.1% are pregnant with their first child and 31.2% have ever given birth, compared to the national average of 3.4% and 14.7%, respectively. Homa Bay County’s age specific fertility rate for girls aged 15-19 (adolescent birth rate) is 178 births per 1,000 girls; about 2 times higher than the national rate.[3]
Reduction in fertility, mortality rates and general improvement of quality of life are partly dependent on education. Although the County has a high Primary School Net Enrolment Rate of 98 percent, about 4,800 primary school-age children are out of school. The Secondary School Net Enrolment Rate for the County is 58 percent with a large number (45,081) of secondary school-age adolescents out of school. At the national level, the net enrolment at primary and secondary levels is 88 and 47 percent respectively.
HIV and AIDS
According to the Kenya HIV County Profiles of 2018[4], HIV prevalence in Homa Bay is nearly 4.3 times higher than the national prevalence at 20.7% (Kenya HIV Estimates 2018). The HIV prevalence among women in the County is higher (22.1%) than that of men (19.1%), indicating that women are more vulnerable to HIV infection. Homa Bay County contributed to 9.3% of the total number of people living with HIV in Kenya, and is ranked the second highest nationally. By the end of 2017, a total of 138,921 people were living with HIV with 13.7% being young people aged 15-24 years and 1% being children under the age of 15 years. Approximately 420 children and 1907 adults died of AIDS-related conditions.
Child Protection
Children under 18 in Homa Bay County constitute 60.3% of the total population. The birth registration rate is 49.9% against the national average of 60%. About 34% of children aged 5-14 years are engaged in child labour of which approximately 30% are in urban settings and 57% in rural. More than 90% of children aged 2-14 years are subjected to at least one form of violent discipline method by their mothers/caretaker. Fifty one percent of mothers/caretakers in Homa Bay believe that children should be physically punished.
There are 22 Child Care facilities in the entire County. However, there are 6 children offices (Rangwe and Homa Bay Town share an officer whilst Suba North and Suba South share another). The number of orphan and vulnerable children is estimated at 11,069 while the number of street children in Homa Bay County is estimated at 250.
Policy and Legal Framework
Homa Bay County lacks robust policies and legal frameworks to institutionalize various programmes and activities thereby negating the process of service delivery. The policies are necessary in creating a framework of financial mobilization from the County Assembly and offering checks and balances. In addition to the need for stronger policies around child protection, adolescent issues and HIV, efforts should be deployed around social protection, gender mainstreaming and gender based violence.
Objectives of the Analysis
The County Government of Homa Bay and UNICEF are deeply concerned by the situation of adolescents and young people in the County. Coordination of the Child Protection response has been challenging and health and welfare outcomes have not been fully understood. Despite tireless investments and efforts by the Government and partners, including those on the ground, unintended pregnancies, cases of child abuse, child exploitation and new cases of HIV are still strikingly high. Consequently, there are ramifications to the County’s adolescents and young people in terms of psycho social development, school attendance and performance, skills development and employment. For these reasons, UNICEF and the Government are undertaking a situation analysis on the Protection of Adolescents and Young People in the Face of Unintended Pregnancies and HIV in the County of Homa Bay.
Specifically, to:
Methodology
The situation analysis will require both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, including the following:
Deliverables
Proposed Timeframe
It is expected that the duration of this consultancy will last 65 working days
Date
Action
Responsible
October
Briefing from UNICEF and County Government of Homa Bay on scope of the work and vision of expected results; launch of the situation analysis
UNICEF KCO/County Government of Homa Bay
December
Draft report submitted to UNICEF/County Government of Homa Bay/Partners/Young People for review.
Selected Candidate; UNICEF KCO, Gov. of Homa Bay, key stakeholders and youth representatives
January
Presentation of report by Selected Candidate to UNICEF/County Government of Homa Bay/Partners/Young People and collection of comments/inputs and additional data.
Selected Candidate; UNICEF KCO, Gov. of Homa Bay, key stakeholders and youth representatives
February
Incorporation of comments from feedback meeting and submission final report
Selected Candidate
Team Composition and Selection
It is expected that the individual consultant/research team/consultancy firm will have the following skills and experience:
Candidates/Firms are requested to submit CVs, letter of interest expressing why they are best suited for the consultancy and technical proposal (Max 3 pages) on how they will attain the consultancy’s objectives.
Only shortlisted candidates/Firms will be contacted at which time they will be requested to produce a more detailed technical proposal including the budget.
Technical Evaluation Criteria
Technical proposal evaluation criteria will be based on the following:
Please note that only those consultants/Firms who obtain min 70 points will be short listed and invited for the detailed proposal.
Reporting and Accountability
In consultation with the County Government of Homa Bay and UNICEF Kenya’s Child Protection and HIV Sections, the selected consultants/firm will be directly accountable for the delivery of this consultancy to UNICEF Kenya’s Chief of HIV Section.
Conditions
The Expression of Interest along with the technical proposal (max 3 pages) and CVs/Institutional profile should be submitted to the following email address by 17 Sep 2018.
email: nairobi@unicef.org
For any further clarifications, please contact Susan Ochieng (suochieng@unicef.org).
Deadline for submission of EOI is Monday 17th September 2018.
Interested and qualified? Go to UNICEF on www.unicef.org to applyBuild your CV for free. Download in different templates.
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