Subscribe to Job Alert
Join our happy subscribers
Never pay for any CBT, test or assessment as part of any recruitment process. When in doubt, contact us
The International Labour Organization ILO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose primary goal is to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity and creating jobs of acceptable quality.
Context
The COVID-19 pandemic has moved rapidly beyond an international health pandemic to heralding a global socio-economic crisis not seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s.[1] According to the ILO, the pandemic is devastating labour markets, creating a disproportionate impact on certain segments of the population, [2] including women and youth.[3] Forcibly displaced populations, including refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), and hosting communities will be among the hardest hit.[4] The overwhelming majority of the forcibly displaced are hosted in developing countries with limited resources and capacities to respond to such an unprecedented situation.[5]
Kenya recorded the first case of Covid-19 on 13th March 2020, and as of 6th May 2020, 582 cases had been reported, with 26 deaths. The Government of Kenya has since enforced a raft of measures to stop the spread of the disease, including ban on international passenger travels, restriction of movement in and out of four hotspot counties including the capital Nairobi, and a 7PM to 5.00AM countrywide curfew; among other measures. Movement of goods and manufacturing has continued, albeit at a smaller scale. Key economic sectors that drive Kenya’s GDP growth and employ high numbers of workers have been gravely affected by the pandemic (tourism, horticulture, export and import). The Central Bank of Kenya has since downgraded economic growth prospects for 2020 from 6.2% to a conservative 3.4 %, in light of the pandemic, citing disruption in domestic production and reduced demand by global trade partners. The informal economy, which accounts for up to 83% of employment in Kenya and where most refugees and forcefully displaced persons work, has too experienced disruptions. Many workers in the informal economy becoming more vulnerable to joblessness and poverty.
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, forcibly displaced persons were confronted with a range of challenges, including loss of assets and psychological trauma, limited access to rights and services including education, lack of opportunities, numerous protection risks and a lack of a planning horizon. Host communities, which tend to be among the poorest in their country, typically located in lagging regions, have had to pursue their own development efforts in an environment that has been transformed by a large inflow of newcomers.
These populations are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 as they face higher rates of unemployment and underemployment. Many refugee and IDP workers are either self-employed or casual workers most often in the informal economy and will be disproportionately hit as they do not have access to social protection including paid or sick leave systems, unemployment benefits amongst others. The gender dimension across these populations is especially acute as women also have less access to social protection and will bear a disproportionate burden in the care economy, in the case of closure of schools or care systems. In camp and settlement settings, these situations become heightened. Furthermore, Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) among these populations, already at significant disadvantage in the labour market, will inevitably be more negatively affected by COVID-19 than others.
The COVID-19 crisis is also threatening peaceful coexistence within countries, and this may become more pronounced between forcibly displaced and host communities. The resultant social economic impacts occasioned by differentiated access to services, livelihoods and especially health care, might lead to increased social tensions. Maintaining and further investing in social cohesion efforts will be particularly important for countries experiencing fragility resulting from forced displacement.
Action is urgently needed to better understand the situation on the ground in the context of socio-economic impacts to be able to mitigate the plight of both forcibly displaced persons and host communities. Humanitarian assistance is of course critical, but insufficient when situations become protracted, and they need to be complemented by a development approach that is focused on the socio-economic dimensions of the crisis. The immediate short-term impacts are already placing millions of people in danger of falling into poverty,[6] and the situation will require major investment to support the recovery process, helping economies, local labour markets, societies and communities recover and ensuring that the most vulnerable are protected.
PROSPECTS Partnership Programme
UNICEF, UNHCR, ILO, IFC and the World Bank, in collaboration with and supported by the Government of the Netherlands, are implementing a joint and fully integrated approach to respond to the forced displacement situation in the Middle East and North Africa and the Horn of Africa by joining the partners’ efforts to develop a new paradigm in responding to forced displacement crises through the involvement of development actors.
The PROSPECTS programme aims to help transform the way governments and other stakeholders, including the private sector, respond to forced displacement crises – and in particular: (1) to enhance the enabling environment for the socio-economic inclusion of forcibly displaced persons (to mitigate their plight during years of exile and to best prepare them for their return); (2) to enhance access to education and child protection for vulnerable children on the move; and (3) to strengthen the resilience of host communities through inclusive socio-economic development that also benefits forcibly displaced persons.
In this partnership, ILO brings significant expertise and experience in supporting enabling environments to underpin inclusive socio-economic growth and decent work, strengthen labour markets and promote access to improved working conditions and fundamental rights at work, including through the involvement of its tripartite national constituents. The ILO stimulates labour market demand and immediate job creation through employment-intensive investment, local economic and business development and promotion of specific value chains and market systems. It provides targeted support to labour market institutions, services and compliance and monitoring mechanisms that facilitate the integration of refugees into the labour market in accordance with its strong normative foundation of international labour standards. The ILO also brings expertise on technical and vocational education and training and on the recognition of prior learning for certifying the skills of refugees to better ensure access to the labour market, and methods for assessing labour market demand to provide the right skills to refugees needed by employers.
Objective and scope of work
As the impact of the crisis deepens around the world, governments, social partners, multilateral agencies, donors and other national and international stakeholders, will need support through access to relevant data on the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 at macro level. This data will be further reinforced by local impact assessments to be able to review the actual situation on the ground. In the context of the eight countries in the PROSPECTS programme, it will be crucial for national stakeholders, the PROSPECTS partners and others to have a more detailed understanding of the socio-economic situation in the targeted geographical intervention areas. To that end, the purpose of the assignment is to support the ILO specifically and national stakeholders and PROSPECTS partners more broadly through conducting rapid assessments in the intervention areas on the impacts of COVID-19 on jobs, livelihoods and key elements of the local socio-economic environment, including social cohesion.
The assessment is expected to contribute significantly to the development of immediate responses that may contribute to repurposing Year 1 activities and at least providing evidence to better guide decision-making on future programme activities in the county. In addition, the rapid assessments are expected to assist in informing medium-term post-crisis recovery strategies for the PROSPECTS programme, supporting governments, including local governments, social partners and other stakeholders in this process. It is possible that the crisis could undermine gains made in improved policy and programmatic responses to forced displacement, further reinforcing the importance of targeted interventions to support efforts to avoid such negative impacts.
The rapid assessments will seek to:
In relation to the point above on cash assistance and social protection, the pandemic may well create local socio-economic environments in which negative coping mechanisms, including child labour and other exploitative practices such as sexual exploitation, may appear and flourish. It may also lead to exploitation and abuse of vulnerable workers in the labour market (formal and informal). The assessments will therefore also seek information on these situations to better inform protection responses, especially in respect of the impact on women, children and PWDs.
For the purpose of this assessment, surveys will be conducted targeting individuals, households, enterprises (formal and informal), cooperatives and other such associations; and institutions (public, private sector and non-governmental). The target population for the survey includes refugees and host communities in the County.
Since data is lacking in terms of labour market and socio-economic impacts, it is essential that the assessment include questions that will assist in understanding changes brought about by the impact of COVID-19 on:
(i) Individuals or households
(ii) Enterprises (including cooperatives)
Questions will also be required to ensure the availability of more qualitative data, including on quality of work and enterprise activity to identify exploitation and abuse where this exists, including situations of child labour. It is possible that social tensions may arise over the delivery of support services to the different communities which could be addressed through targeted interventions to establish equitable and inclusive service delivery that may reinforce social cohesion. Overall, this data is vitally important to identify potential short and medium-term responses that can be integrated into ILO country team work plans, in collaboration with PROSPECTS partners, central and local governments, social partners and other relevant stakeholders. Hence, the survey must also include questions to identify needs and expectations of these populations and enterprises during and in the aftermath of the crisis.
Duties and responsibilities
Expected deliverables and time frame
The rapid assessment will take a maximum of 1 month for completion from initial desk research to finalization of the report after incorporating comments from the ILO.
Deliverables
Final report
Expression of interest and CVs should be sent to velo@ilo.org by Monday 18 May 2020.
Build your CV for free. Download in different templates.
Join our happy subscribers