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  • Posted: Jan 28, 2021
    Deadline: Feb 5, 2021
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    Study to Identify Causes of Political Violence in Kenya

    Introduction

    The Centre for Multiparty Democracy (CMD-Kenya) is inviting applications from qualified individual consultants to conduct a study to identify causes of political violence in Kenya focusing on the conflict dynamics in the political context. The activity is part of CMD-Kenya’s “Partnership for Peacebuilding in Kenya” project whose objective is to contribute to a more secure, peaceful, and cohesive Kenyan society. This objective is to be achieved by building the capacity of political parties in conflict transformation and dialogue, by institutionalizing conflict transformation in political formations and developing community level structures and capacity to manage political violence, and by facilitating inter-ethnic and inter-religious dialogue, youth empowerment and accountability measures at the local level. CMD-Kenya is a political parties-based membership organization whose mandate is to enhance multiparty democracy and strengthen the institutional capacity of political parties in Kenya through policy influence and capacity building. The organization provides a platform for political parties, political actors and policy makers to engage in dialogue and cooperate in strengthening multiparty democracy.

    Context and the problem to be solved.

    Kenya ranks 142 out of 189 countries on the Human Development Index (2018), 17 out of 178 countries on the Fragile States Index (2018) and is categorized as “high risk and stable” in INFORM’s risk index (2019). While Kenya is not categorized as a fragile country according to the category “Risk Class Very High” of the INFORM index, it is recommended that this intervention is assessed against an understanding that while Kenya has a relatively stable political system, the causes of violence that continue to arise remain largely unaddressed, and Kenya should therefore be considered a fragile country.

    Political violence relates to acts of violence that are carried out primarily as a means of achieving political influence or power. In Kenya, political violence has typically taken the form of murder, assaults, internal displacements, sexual abuse such as rape, forced pregnancy or sterilization. A tendency of utilizing violence as a means of obtaining political influence and the inability of political leaders (at all levels) to dialogue and develop solutions to issues around access to land, livelihoods, youth empowerment and employment, and (political) marginalization of minority groups form the core of the challenges facing the Kenyan society today. This is what this project will address. Violence and in other ways destructive conflicts also take place directly in and between political parties.

    The manner in which delegation of power is implemented has great implications for whether or not contesting or conflicting groups are actually represented in the public arena. The wrangles within the governor’s office and between the governor’s office and the county assembly members over numerous issues have only served to disenfranchise the people and heighten tensions. Local level politics and politicians take advantage of existing community tensions and fuels animosity between ethnic and religious groups, widening the gap for peaceful co-existence, while marginalization from central political decision- making processes remains at the core of the problem. While devolution was meant to ‘disperse’ the centers of power and notions of belonging, the last four years have demonstrated heightened competitions between ethnic and religious groups which often turn violent

    Despite the fact that conflict is inherent and inevitable, there is need to transform negative peace into positive peace, especially in the political context. In Kenya, the role of civil society in peacebuilding is vital. This study seeks to understand the challenges of the pervasive political violence and inter-community conflicts by supporting local peacebuilding actors to lead inclusive peacebuilding processes.

    The Consultancy

    CMD-Kenya is undertaking this study to identify causes of political violence in Kenya, focusing on the conflict dynamics in the political context. The objectives of the study are to:

    • Identify the underlying causes of political conflicts in Kenya.
    • Advocate for increased collaborative efforts of civil society actors in promoting peacebuilding initiatives particularly in political interventions and as a base for the development of a training module on dialogue and conflict transformation in political parties.
    • Utilize the findings to formulate a training module will aid in the careful selection of activities geared towards increased dialogue in and between political parties.

    Scope

    The consultancy will entail the following:

    • Develop an inception report highlighting the design and methodology to be used during the study;
    • Conduct a desktop study to identify the causes, forms, actors and effects of political violence in Kenya focusing on the conflict dynamics in the political context;
    • Examine the role of political party internal mechanisms, civil societies and state actors in promoting dialogue and conflict transformation within the context of political violence in Kenya;
    • Examine the effectiveness of current tools within political parties in addressing political conflicts in Kenya;
    • Review, analyze and provide recommendations on possible steps to take in order to ensure peaceful, violent-free, and safe elections;
    • Develop a draft report that incorporates the findings in (b), (c), (d), and (e) above;
    • Submit to CMD-Kenya the final report and all relevant materials used during the study;

    Qualifications of the consultant

    • A post-graduate qualification in Political Science, Public Policy, Development Studies, Sociology, Law, or any other related field.
    • A minimum of 7 years-experience in social-political audits and evaluations.
    • Experience of working with political parties particularly in Kenya
    • Ability to seek and synthesize information from a variety of sources and draw solid conclusions based on in depth analysis.
    • Good communication skills, including the ability to write high quality reports, conduct studies and to articulate ideas in a clear and concise style
    • Excellent interpersonal and teamwork skills.

    Assignment duration

    The consultancy will be conducted for a single phase lasting 5 working days.

    Method of Application

    Interested and qualified candidates should send their application (Technical and Financial proposals) to the CMD-Kenya Secretariat via communications@imd-cmd.co.ke or deliver at CMD-Kenya Offices at 6th Floor International House Nairobi, on or before February 5, 2021.

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